Calculating device.



PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

B. M. DES JARDINS.

' CALCULATING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 17, 1896.

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No. 844,554. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907;

' B. M. DES JARDINS.

CALCULATING DEVICE.

APPLIG'ATION IILBD MAY 17,1896.

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No. 844,554 PATENTED FEB.19, 190v.

' B. M. DES JARDINS.

CALCULATING DEVICE.

A'PPLIOATION FILED MAY 17, 1896.

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'PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907 B. M. DES JARDINS. CALCULATING DEVICE.APPLICATION IILBD my 17,1895.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENJAMIN M. DES JARDINS, OF HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS, TO THE UNITYPE COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEV JERSEY.

CALCULATING DEVlCEi Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

Application filed May 17, 1895. Serial No. 549,729.

To (tZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN M. Dies JARDINs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented a new and useful Calculating Device, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to calculators, and particularlyinstruments forthe mechanical solution of certain kinds of problems in multiplication,division, addition, and subtraction, and for extracting the square root.The instrument which is herein described as an embodiment of myinvention is also adapted to gage the dimensions of the substances socomputed, and it can give the location of a required article orsubstance. It is particularly adapted to indicate the result to the eyeby pointing to prearranged figures on suitably-graduated scales, whichare interchangeable for performing different kinds of problems or forindicating the special sizes of prearranged substances.

The mode of operation of the instrument will be better understood byfirst referring to certain well-known geometrical theorems which areincluded in the underlying princi-. ples of the construction of theinstrument illustrating my inventionthat is to say, if any number oftransversals passing through a common point intersect any one of aseries of equidistant parallel lines, so that the segments of the lineare equal, then, first, each of the remaining lines of the series isdivided into equal segments; second, each transversal. is divided intoequal segments; third, the difference between the length of the segmentsof any two consecutive transversals are proportional to the distancebetween them. Also if the segments of the line out by the transversalsare not equal the segments of the other parallels will be proportionalto them. There are also other geometrical elements included, which arereferred to farther on.

The herein-described calculator is constructed by mechanically producingparts which are adapted in a simple way to represent the various linesabove referred to, making an instrument which may be used in a number ofa ays and which is applicable to manyuseful purposes connected withvarious kinds of calculations, especially when values, dimensions, orfigures are in their natural arrangement-that is, in an increase ing ordecreasing order. The three main graduated scales, which may representnumbers, values, or dimensions, are constructed one of them to representthe distances apart of the parallels referred to, a second one torepresent the numbers and positions of the radials, and a third theheight of the segment or number of segments of parallels employed. Twoof the adjoining transversals referred to, one being preferably thenormal, are mechanically constructed in the form of a reference or testwhose graduations correspond to the parallels referred to, the said gagebeing graduated to correspond with and employed in connection with theinstrument for specific purposes. v

Briefly stated, the mode of operating the instrument consists inproducing a number of consecutive triangles, which have their apices ona common point and their bases upon the same straight line, the numberof said triangles employed designating the number of parts which arecounted or necessary in connection with a given quantity. The samegeneral method is employed whether the process is to be addition,subtraction, multiplication, division, or for extracting the squareroot. The segments of the base are fixed proportional to the partsrequired and the segments on a line parallel to the base and located ata determined distance from the apex will give the dimensions of theparts. For example, the larger angle is divided into the required numberof smaller ones, and if it is a division of a distance or substance that0 is required the position of a parallel is determined whose lengthacross the angle is equal to the given distance, and the segments ofthis parallel made by the transversals forming the other angles areequal to the required parts. The lines or graduations which are employedto indicate the locations of the par allels may also be used todesignate the location of prearranged pieces whose dimensions are madeto correspond to the particular roo sizes of the segments of theparallelswhich they indicate, and the same graduations may designatefigures or characters to represent them. On the other hand, if it isrequired to multiply the length of one of these paral- 1o 5 lels at anygiven distance from the apex, the requisite number of triangles areemployed to represent the factor by which said dimension is to bemultiplied and the total dimen sion, measured on the line on which thefirst one was taken, will be equal to the required (liDZGlISiOKl.

An instrument embodying the invention is illustrated in the drawingsaccompanying and forming a part of this specification, in which Figure 1is a plan view. Fig. 2 is a section through the line 2 looking in thedirection indicated by the arrow 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end iiewlooking in the direction indicated by the arrow 3, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is aleft view, as indicated by the arrow 4, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a right view,as indicated by the arro 5, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a view of a modified form,showing necessary changes of parts for calculating substances whosedifferences in sizes are not constant and also shows the necessarydotted lines illustrating the the orein referred to above. Fig. 7 showsthe tapered test-gage graduated to correspond with the modificationshown in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 shows the tapered test-gage used when theincrease of the dimensions of the substances to be nweasured is constantand includes dotted lines to show the relations of the equidistantparallels referred to above to the dimensions of the substances. Figs.9, 10, 11 are details. Fig. 12 shows an attachntent for nleasuring fromthe graduations on the dividing-bar 111. Fig. 13 shows the attachmentwhich is used for extracting the square root.

The main plate, to which all the parts are more or less connected, isdesignated by A. It is supported on the projections or legs B, which areprovided with rubber tips 0.

In this description the instrument is referred to as if it were held ina vertical plane, with the jaws of the gage downward, the position inwhich it is naturally held while the parts are being adjusted.

The main computing element is comprised in the swinging radial bar 111.The pivot upon which it swings projects from be hind the niiddle of thesaid bar and has its bearing in the plate A near its center and is heldfrom the opposite side by the screw 113 The forward enlarged end of saidpivot, which forms the support-plate 113. is laterally offset forclearance up to its center, which is in the plane of the straight leftor computing edge of said bar. The groove 194 is cut into the lowerforward side of the bar to receive the end of a clamping-screw belongingto one of the attachments of the instrunient, described farther on. Thebar has the graduated scale 157, which extends in both directions fromthe center of said pivot 110.

The longitudinally-n?ovable slide-bar 117 is located directly behind theT-bar 119, Figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 13, and operates the guide-block 114,Figs. 1, 9, and 10, which has the rearwardly-projecting stud 115entering into it and the guideway 116 to engage and swing the radialbar. The center of the stud 115 is in line with the left edge of theguide 116. The slidebar 117 is a plain straight bar having a hole toreceive the projection 115 and teeth out into a part of its upper edge,Fig. 13. It is also provided with the pointer or index 118, Figs. 1 and5, which is fastened to its upper side and projects forward, passingabove the T-bar 119 and then toward the left in front of the guide-block114 to line up with the center of the stud 115, then upwa (1 over thescale 122, on which it registers. The said bar 117 slides longitudinallyin its boxes 125 near the right and 127 near the left edge of the plateA and when adjusted is clamped into place from behind the instrument bymeans of the knurled screw 142, Figs. 3 and 4, which is threaded throughthe plate A behind the said box 125. The scale 122 is a metal stripfastened ateach end to the plate A, passing over the said bar 111 andits guide-block 114 and the T-blade 112 The graduations on the saidscale 122 indicate the anount of deviation in the said bar 111, which ismeasured along the line of motion of the bar 117 and reckoned on a linewhich passes through the center of the stud 115, its path beingindicated by a dotted line in Fig.6.

The laterally-n"ovable vertical T-blade 112 is carried by the T-bar 119,which slides longitudinally in the boxes 1.24 and 126,1astened to eachside of the plate A, and is clamped into position by means of theknurled screw 140, which is threaded through the forward part of itsleft box. The upper end of the said blade 112 slides in the guide 137.The said. T-bar 119 of said blade 11.2 is further provided with thegage-jaw projection 120, which has the two gaging-surfaces and 120". Thescale 121 on the shaft A is graduated from both sides of a vertical linethrough the center of the pivot 1.10, which may be termed the fixedpivotal point of the radial bar, to register the position of the blade112 and said jaw 120. In this case it is graduated to eighths andthirty-seconds of an inch as a convenient standard to measure thediniensions of substances.

A head 129 slides on the fixed guide-rib bar 130, which projects fromthe plate A, and carries a horizontal T-blade 128, extending to theright beyond the farthest position of the blade 112, passing in front ofit. Its pointer 131 registers its position on the vertical fixed scale123, which is attached to the plate A and which is graduated in bothdirections from a horizontal line through the center of the pivot 110.The blade 128 has the hole 151 to fasten the attach'rent for extractingthe square root described farther on.

The intersection-block 132 has the for ard horizontal groove to receivethe blade 128 and the rearward verticafgroove to engage ITO over theblade 112. It has also has a projection to receive the stud 135 of theinwardlyprojecting pivoted contact-piece 136, Figs. 1, 1 1, 12, whoseright engaging edge is in the plane of the center of the said stud 135and matches the computing edge of the bar 111. The pointer 156, Fig. 12,projecting in front of said bar 111, is also a part of the saidcontact-piece and its stud, whose center is thereby registered on thescale 157. The blade 112 forms a guide for the intersection-block 132and contact-piece 136, by which the lat ter is guided in straight linesintersecting the transversals formed by the computing edge of the bar inits different positionsthat is, across which the bar swings. The blade128 forms a guide for the intersection-block 132 and contact-piece 136,by which the contactpiece is guided at right angles to the guide 112.

The adjustable gage-j aw 138, which is provided with the inner and outergaging-surfaces 138 and 138 ,is slotted in its upper enlarged end tostraddle the plate A. That part which extends back of said plate isprovided with an L projection to support it rigidly therewith. It isclamped into place by the knurled screw 139, whose point is rounded, andenters into the V-groove 139 in said plate A.

The anchor-block 304 is box-shaped and fits loosely around the guidebar119, to which it is clamped when required by means of the knurled screw303, which is threaded through the front of said block and wedgesagainst the said bar. The eccentric-plate 300 is pivoted to and swingson the body of the screw 140 of the left box 126, and its slot 301surrounds and engages the body of said screw 303, thereby anchoring andadjusting the horizontal position of the contact-piece 136 and the gage120. The eccentric-plate 300 has the graduated. scale 302, whoseposition is registered at the index 306 on said block 304. The knurlednut 305 on said screw 303 when required clamps the said ec centric-plate300 into position, Fig. 3. These parts constitute a micrometeradjustment for the T-blade 112.

The anchor-block 324 has a T-groove to fit over the guide-bar 130 and isclamped to the letter when required by means of the knurled screw 323.It has the projecting pointer 327 to register on the scale 123. Theeccentricplate 320 is pivoted on the body of the screw 141 and engagesthe screw 323, being clamped after adjustment by the nut 325, Fig. 4 Ithas thegraduated scale 322, which registers at the index 326 to indicatethe adjustment of the head 129 with reference to the block 324. Theseparts constitute a micrometer adjustment for the horizontal T-blade 128.

The anchor-block 344 engages in a similar way the slide-bar 117, beingclamped thereto by the screw 343, Fig. 5.

The eccentricplate 340 is pivoted on the screw 142 and is held in placewhen required by the nut 345 on said screw 343. it is provided with ascale which is similar to the scale 302 on the eccentric-plate 300.

The anchor-block 364 is slotted to straddle the lower edge of the plateA and is clamped thereto by the knurled screw 370, Figs. 1 and 3. Theknurled screw 363 is also threaded into the said block to clamp it toplate A from the rear of the instrument, if required. Theeccentric-plate 360 is similar in all respects to the eccentric-plate300 and is held to the L projection of the jaw 138 by the knurled screw155, and when adjusted is clamped. into position against the anchorblockby the knurled nut 365 on the said screw 363. The eccentric-plates 340and 360 and their connections form micrometer adjustments for theslide-bar 1 17 and the gage-,

jaw 138, respectively.

The adjusting-bar 380 is of even thickness with the radial bar 1.11. andis guided against said bar at the upper end by means of the projectingguide 391, Fig. 12, whose left end is turned forward to form theguideway and whose round rearward projection is in contact with theplate A to hold said bar 380 in its place. It is held against the bar111 at the lower end by the end of the micrometerscrew 381, which entersinto it. The said micrometer-screw is threaded in the projection334, andits general construction and its graduations at 382 are similar to thoseof the ordinary screw-micrometer and divide the graduations on the scale157.

The bracket 384 has its end. slotted and adapted to straddle the saidbar 111 and is clamped to it by means of the knurled screw 383, whoseend abuts against the key 395 in the groove 394 of the said bar. Theadjustable connecting-block 389, Figs. 11 and 12, is similarly slotted.to straddle the said guidebar 380, and has the pin 387 within the saidslot to enter and engage the groove 390. The block connects theguide-bar 380 to the pointer 156 by means of the projections 392, whichextend in front of said bar 1 1 1 and on each side of the said pointer,said connecting block being adapted to follow the vertical travel of thecontact piece 136. It is clamped into position by means of the knurledscrew 385, which is threaded in the said block to clamp the said barbetween its end and the said pin 387.

The test-gages 111 ,.Fig. 8, and 111, Fig. 7, have their angleo ')eningsto correspond with the angle which the computing edge of the radial bar111. makes with the T-blado 112 when the pointer 118 is on the -firstgraduation of the scale 122, the right edge of blade 112 beingconsidered as passing through the center of the stud 135. Thegraduations on the scale 123 of gage 111 and the scale 123 of gage 111respectively correspond to those on the scales 123 in Fig. 1 and 123 inFig. 6.

The special eccentric-plate 320 Fig. 6, is a modi'lied construction ofthe eccentric-plate 320 shown in Fig. 1 and is used in place of thelatter for specific operations. lts scale 322 is graduated to hundredthsof an inch to register the adjustment of the slide 129 accordingly. Theanchor-block 32-1 is provided with the pointer 327", which is onset toproject downward and is adapted to register in conjunction with thepointer 131 on the scale 123".

The special eceentric plate 300 is a modi lied form of eccentric 800 andhas in this construction twelve graduated scales 302*, all of themhaving speci'lic measuring values to correspond with the graduations onsaid scale 123*. The indicator-block 306 is fastened to the anchor-block804! and is ollset to project above the said special eccentricplate andis provided with a suitable numbered index to conveniently indicatewhich one of the said scales 302 is required.

The gears 618 and 61 1, Figs. 6 and 13, are mounted on the pivot 615,whose bearings are in the plate A and the bracket 612. The larger gear613 meshes into the removable bar 610, and the smaller gear 61% meshesinto the said bar 117. The said bar 610, which is notshown connected tothe instrument in Fig. 6 but attachable thereto, is fastened to theT-blade 128 through the hole 151 by means of the screw 611, and in theadjustment of the computing edge of bar 111 against the contact-piece136 it is adapted to operate the bar 117 in conjunction with the slide129, causing them to move simultaneously and at the speed required forextracting the square root of the dimensions of a substance between thegage-jaws 120 and 138 or any number indicated by the 'lixed horizontalposition of the said contact-piece 136.

The underlying methods and functions of my invention will now beexplained. Geo metrically speaking, the longitudinal motion of theslide-bar 117 is proportional to the tangents of the angles described bythe left straight edge of the radial bar 111 and a line passing throughthe center of pivot 110 and parallel with the blade 112that is,considering the value of the angle in this construction to be designatedby that which the computing edge of the bar 111 forms with its normalposition, in which it is perpendicular to the direction of motion of thebar 117, the measure of the tangents being on lines parallel with themotion of bar 117 and passing through the graduations of the scale 123.The radial position of bar 111 is registered, as already described, bythe pointer 118 on the scale 122, which is graduated at equal distancesapart to represent equal ditlerences between a series of consecutivetriangles siesta which have their apices on a common point and theirbases upon the same straight line. These graduations are employed tolocate a known proportional dill'erence between a known and an unknownquantity, and they may also designate the number of parts which arecounted or necessary in connection with it. One of these tangentsreferred tothat is, the one whose measure corresponds to the knownquantityis selected and employed to measure the unknown one when itsangle has been increased or decreased by the said longitudinal motion ofsaid bar 117, accord ing to the said known proportional dillcrence, orthe said tangent by its fixed location on a line passing through one ofthe graduations on said scale 123 may represent the said unknownquantity. These ditl'ercnces may also be regarded as individual elementsrepresenting the bases of a series of triangles whose areas areproportional to their bases, and the graduations on said scale 122 maybe any distance apart to proportionally repre sent the parts into whichthe dimensions or numbers are divided, the parts added or substracted,&c., whether they are equal or unequal.

The center of the stud 135 represents the contact-point of theintersection of the blade 112 and the blade 128 against the saidcomputing edge of the bar 111. The said c0ntact-piece 136 is themechanical embodirrent of the said contact-point and is adapted to bringit into contact against the said computing edge without needless wear tothe instrument. The vertieal position 01 the said contact-point isregistered by the pointer 131 on the scale 123, and its horizontalposition is represented by the gage-j aw 120, whether it is opened toreceive a substance or whether it is indicated by the graduations on thescale 121. The said contact-point has its horizontal paths on the saidtangents rcferrcd to above, which are registered or locatcd on the saidscale 123that is, the said paths are alwa 's on a straight line whichpasses through the said pointer 131 and parallel with the saidhorizontal motion of said bar 117 at whatever position the said slide129 may be, and the positions of its vertical paths, which areregistered on the said scale 121, are on a line with the gaging-surface120 of the gage-j aw 120, said gaging-surface being parallel with thebar 112. \Vhen the said contact-point is against the said comput ingedge of said bar 1 11, it is also on a straight line between the centersof the said pivot 110 and the stud 115. The travel of the center of thesaid stud 115, which is shown by a str ight dotted line in Fig. 6,represents the straight line which is intersected by the transversalswhich pass through a comp: on point nientioned in the geontetricaltheorem re ferred to, and the horizontal paths of the center of stud 135when at its various positions as registered on the scale 123 representthe other lines which are parallel to it, while the transversalsthemselves are reproduced by the said computing edge of said bar 111. iThe amount of travel of the studs 115 and 135 are proportional to theirdistance from the center of pivot 110, both being limited between thesaid computing edge of bar 111 and a line parallel to blade 112 andpassing through the said center of pivot 1 10.

The computing edge of the bar 111 for ac curacy is preferably in linewith the center of its pivot; but the body of the bar may be on eithersidethat is, the contact-piece 136 can be made to wedge against theopposite side of said bar from that on which it is shown as locatedwithout changing the result. In the present construction themeasureiinent is practically taken within the angle made by twodiverging bars, while in the change suggested it would be taken outsideof a tapered body. Mechanically speaking, the said computing edge is theconfiguration of a member which the said bar 111 is adjusted torepresent, and its incline operates the contact-piece 186, causing it totravel horizontally until it is intercepted by the presence of thesubstance against the jaw 138 and in the path of the jaw 120, the timeof its travel being determined along the said scale 123. Theposition ofthe said. computing edge of said bar 111, which determines the amount ofincline in the configuration or cam-surface thereof, as already stated,is a known quantity fixed by the position of bar 117 and determining thespeed of said contact-piece 136. This peculiar configuration referred toabove, which is the leading feature of my improvement, is so disposedthat when it is adjusted or changed at one point all the other pointsare adjusted or changed proportionally to their dis tance from aninitial p oint,which in this case is the center of said pivot 110, andthis adjustment or change may bein the form of a division of theoriginal size or that of multiplication, addition, or subtraction. Theconstantlyincreasing distances across the said angle, whose functions inthe machine is that of a substituted member, whose configuration isdescribed by the said computing edge and its basewhich are reckoned on avertical line through the center of said pivot 110, is re ferred to inthis description as the fixed? dimensions of said member, and thedistance along the scale 123 as the time of the travel of thecontact-piece 136. The travel from the said base to the said computingedge along a line parallel with said bar 11.17 is re- I ferred to as thespeer being the terms used with reference to the motions produced byordinary cairs in machinery. I refer to dimensions {L1H fnumbers, butthe two may be included in the former, which is readily substituted forthe latter when represented by a scale, &c.

which they increase or decrease-and in this construction I prefer todeal with dimen sions or numbers in which the increase or decrease isconstant, and if there is any variation between successive sizes ofdimensions or numbers I prefer to indicate the said variable differencesby placing the indicating graduations, &c., (scale 128,)at correspondingdistances apart and avoid a curve in the said computing edge. The samemethod, however, might be carried out by constructing the said computingedge suitably formed to meet any required variable dimensions orsegments at whatever point they might reach. The said computing edge,representing one side of a triangle in geometry and an incline or cam inmechanics, is adjusted to rep} resent as many fixed dimensions as thereare different sizes of substances which are intended to be computed bythe instrument. Each one of these fixed dimensions is disposed to beidentified by a corresponding dimension of some substance to becomputed, and the required fixed but unknown dimension to be sought bythe said computation is indicated by the location of the said fixeddimension of said incline or cam on the said scale 123. In other words,the graduations on the said scale 123 locate the terms of anarithmetical progression and may be so considered when used to computeor calculate numbers, &c. The first term, as therein shown, is equal tothe common difference. The peculiarity of the improvement consists inthe operation of bar 111, which is capable of increasing the said commondifference by multiplication, addition, subtraction, or division, and inthe present construction of my instrument this change, which isregistered by the pointer 118 on scale 122, is equal to or a multiple ofthe said common difference registered on the said scale 123, the saidscale having been. constructed for the purpose of multiplication anddivision, and in cases where the instrument is used to determine upon orlocate a required size of substances the said substances are each madeup or composed of as many of said differences as are contained in theterm or expressed by the graduation adjoining which it is located foridentification.

The bars 117 and 610 are so geared that no matter which one is moved,their respective indicating-pointers 131 pointing out the quotient and118 indicating the divider, always register on the same graduations oftheir respective scales 123 and 122 for the purpose ol extracting thesquare root of the dimension of a substance between the jaws 120 and 138or of a number indicated by the scale 121, the process 01 extracting thesquare root being a division in which the quotient is always the sameamount as the divider.

The graduations of the scale 123 of the test-gage 1 1 1 register thecommon difierence between distances across the said gage, the saiddiil'erence being the same as that registered on the said scale 123. Thegraduations on the scale 302 of the eccentric 300 also register the samedill'erence. The said eccentric 300 is employed in connection with theblade 112 and is supplemental to the said bar 111 and is also adapted todetermine the number l of said di'llerences which are necessary to beadded to a given number of dimensions or substances in order to increasetheir com bined dimension up to a required one, thereby determining howmany of the succeeding larger size are required. in other words, if agiven space is required to be filled by a given number of pieces and therequisite number of the largest size which can enter therein are firstselected and they do not fill it, the eccentric 300 may then be employedto determine how many of the next succeeding larger size are required inplace of an equal number of the first ones selected to produce thedimension sought for. The eccentric 360 also adjusts the distancebetween the jaws 120 and 1238, thereby performing practically the samefunction as the said eccentric 300 but it has a peculiar advantage overthe latter for measurements of the same kind or class, because the jaw138 instead of jaw 120 is ad justed thereby and in this particular caseis disturbed only for the piupose of determining the said numberofdifi'erences referred to. This arrangement of parts makes it possible topermanently secure the block 36st to the i l l l i j l l l l 1 l l l 1plate A when the instrument is employed for 5 a specific purpose inconnection with the same kind of measurements. The more gen eraladjustment of the jaw 120 in connection with the blade 112 being whollyindependent of said eccentric 360, the latter is no way effectedthereby. In other words, if a given space is required to be filled by agiven num ber of pieces and the requisite number of the largest sizewhich can enter therein does not quite fill it the eccentric 360 maythen be employed to determine how many of the next succeeding largersize are required in place of the first ones selected to produce thedimen- 1 sion sought for.

The operation of the instrument as illus trated by its application tospecial cases of calculation is as follows:

1. The example shown at 121", Fig. 6, l

l l l l l l l i t l l steer-i l illustrates arod which is to be turneddown at one end until it is five-eighths of an inch in diameter. Thedifierene between the two sizes. is required to be divided into sevenequal shoulders and the instrument is to be so adjusted that it can beused as a caliper to gage the various shoulders as they are sucsessivelyturned down. The rod 121 is shown as having three of its shouldersalready turned to the required size. The Lj aw 13b is first movedfive-eighths 01 an inch to the left of the O graduation of scale 121 toindicate the smaller part of the rod, in regard to which no calculationor division is to be made. The rod is then inserted between the aws 120and 138 to fix the first 'position of the blade 112 and the position ofthe jaw 120 to gage the outside diameter. Therightward graduation of thescale 121, which registers its p osition, indicates the amount of metalto be removed.

(a) The bar 117 is moved until its pointer 118 registers on the seventhgraduation of the scale 122 to denote the number of parts into which thedifi'erence isto be divided. The slide 129 is moved upward until thecontact-piece 136 is intercepted by the bar 111, at which point it issecured by the knurled screw 141. The position of the pointer 131 on thescale 123 now indicates at what point on the corresponding se le 123 thetest-gage 111 will give the hill size of the shoulder taken on bothsides of the rod or twice the depth of the single shoulder measured onone side thereof. The pointer 118 can now be shifted along the scale121, and its successive graduations will give the successive positionsof the caliper-jaws required to the various shoulders as they are turneddown-that is, the pointer 118 on the sixth graduation locates thecaliper-jaws to gage the sixth shoulder on the fifth graduation, thefil'th shoulder, &e. If it is required to set the caliper-jaws to gage afr ction of one of said shoulders, the eccentric 320 is adjusted toindicate the amount of said .haetion.

(b) The slide 129 is adjusted with the bar 111 against the contact-piece136 until the pointer 156 is located on the scale 15? at the graduationwhich indicates the number oi shoulders required. Tliis adjustment fixesthe angle oi the so id bar 111. he said slide 129 can then be pushedupward for each ad justntent oi the s.;id jaws, successively tasteningit as the s..id pointer registers on each of the said graduations 157for setting the caliper to gage each sucecssive shoulder. If it isrequired to set the caliper-jaws to gage a fraction oi one 01' idshoulders the n icronteter 382 is adjusted to indicate the amount olsaid fraction. The size of the shoulders in The jaw 120 is brought.toward the jaw 138 I by the incline of the said bar 111 as the saidslide 129 is pushed upward) The amount of motion in said jaw isgoverned. by the angle of said bar, the said angle being fixed, asstated, by the combined locations of jaw 120 on the rod and the pointer156 on the scale 157.

2. In the case where a certain space or distance is to be filled by agiven number of pie .es whose dimensions register on the aduations ofthe scale 123, the jaw 138 being secured at 0 on the scale 121, the jaw120 is located to denote the space required to be filled, and thepointer 118 is located on the scale 122 to indicate the number of piecesrequired. "he slide 129 is moved nith the contact-piece 136 against thebar 1.11., at which position the pointer 131 indicates the sire requiredon the scale 123.

if the-said pointer happens to fall between two graduations oi saidscale, the proportional number of the two sizes which said graduationsrepresent maybe ascertained as follows:

(a) The anchor-block 304 is clarrped to the bar 119, the latter beingreleased from its screw 140, and the operator with h is right hand turnsthe eccentric 300, while with the left he presses the slide .129 upward,iollowing the said eccentric until the said pointer 131 is opposite thenext lower graduation of said scale 123, and the position at which thescale 302 registers on the indicator 306 will give the number or thelarger pieces required, the balance of the space to be filled by thesmaller ones.

(1)) Having deterr'ninedupon the largest size of a given number ofavailable pieces Wl'rich will enter into a given space, if the saidpieces are inserted between the caliper-jaws and, the anchor-block 36 1being claniped to the plate A and the jaw 138 being loosened therefrom,ii the eccentric 360 is turned until the said pieces are tightlyclaniped, the index on the said eccentric will register the number ofthe said pieces which must be changed for a siniilar number of the nextsucceeding larger size in order to make up the required. dimension.

(0) It the available pieces register on the scale 123, the sameoperation explained in a is carried out by selecting the particulargraduated scale 302 which registers on the index 306 corresponding tothe graduation on. scale 123*, which is below the pointer 131, asillustrated in Fig. 6.

3. The instrument can be used to divide a space or distance todeter-nine one of a given number of equal parts by setting thecaliper-jaws 138 on the 0 graduation of scale 121 and 120 rightward toindicate the amount to be divided.

to) The pointer 118 is placed on the graduation of scale 122,whichindicates the divider, and the slide 129 is then ntoved until the contact-piece 136 is against the bar 11.1. The pointer 131 if taken on thecorresponding scale 123 of the test-gage 111 will give the accurate sizerequired, and ii the said slide is fastened by its screw 1 11 and thepointer: 118 then made to register on the fir st graduation of tie scale122 and the bar119adjusted accordingly the opening between thecaliperjaws will also indicate the accurate size required.

(b) The pointer 156 is placed on the graduation of the scale 1.57, whichindicates the divider, and the bar 117 clamped into place. The saidpointer is then removed to the first graduation on said scale, and whenthe parts are into position the opening between the jaws will be thesize required.

The dimensions ascertained by means of the operation described above canbe redivided (a) by means of the eccentric 360 and (5) by means of themicrometer-scale 382.

4. To perform examples in division, the dividend is represented on thescale 121. As already stated, the said scale in this construction isgraduated to measure the dimensions of substances in eighths andthirty-seconds of an inch, and when employed for the purpose ofrecording the dividend of a numher the said graduations can be made tocorrespond with those on the scale 302 or the scale 360, correspondingin units of value to the di'l'l'erence registered by the scale 123.

(a) The pointer 118 is located on the scale 122 for the divider, and iithe graduations thereon are not su'l'licient to express it the eccentric3 10 is used supplemei'rtal thereto. In this manner the angle of thedividing-bar 111 fixes the position of the contact-piece 136, whoseattendant pointer 131 locates the quotient on the scale 123. In. casethe quotient is not a whole number the eccentric 320 upon the adjustmentof pointer 327 on the nearest graduation of said scale 123 will registerthe amount of the remainder.

(b) The pointer 156.is located on the scale 157 to give the divider.This latter adjustment fixes the position. of the bar 111, at whichpoint it is secured. which at its rightward position represented. thewhole number, is unclamped, and the pointer 156 is moved along the scale157 to the graduation which represents the part of the said dividendrequired, and the contactpiece 1.36 being kept tight against thecomputing edge of said bar 111 will locate the blade 112 and the jaw 120and give the answer required between the caliper-jaws and on the saidscale 121.

5. In perforrtning examples in multiplication the multiplicand ispreferably expressed by the position of the pointer 13]. on the .scale123 and the eccentric 322 to represent a The blade 112,

ICC

fraction. The multiplier is similarly expressed by the position of thepointer 118 on the scale 122, and the eccentric 340 is employed in caseof a fraction, Upon the adjustment of the contact-plate against the bar111 the position of the blade 112 as registered by the scale 121 or itssupplemental eccentrics 300 or 360 will give the required product. Thisoperation is the reverse of division already described above. Acorresponding result can be secured by the adjustment of the pointer 156on the scale 157 for the multiplie 6. To perform examples in. suchspecific cases of addition, for which this instrument is applicable, ina limited way and particularly for ascertaining the sums of variousproportional numbers, the operation is preferably as follows: SupposingI have the amounts 2 3/10, 17 10, 4 6/10, and 1 1/10 to be added andthen redivided to A 3 41/10, to B 2 6/10, to C 2 9/10, and the balanceto D, the pointer 113 is adjusted on successive graduations ot the scale122 to indicate the various amounts which are to be added together. Thismay be facilitated by using the eccentric 340. The pointer 131 is thenplaced on the successive graduations of the scale 123 to express thevarious proportions which are to go to A B C, &c., and the result isgiven on the scale 121 and its corresponding eccentric 300, &c. Similaroperations will perform similar examples in which subtraction is used,&c.

7. To extract the square root, the bar 610, Fig. 13, is attached to theinstrument by passing it between the gear 613 and the bracket 612,between the bars 117 and 119, and under the blade 128, to which it isfastened by means of the screw 611 through the hole 151.

((1) The substance is inserted between the caliper-jaws and the slide129 is pushed upward, and its motion, by means of the rack 610, rotatesthe gear 613, whose shaft 615 in turn rotates the gear 61 1, whichmeshes into the bar 117, sliding it longitudinally at such a speed thatwhen the pointer 131 reaches any graduation on the scale 123 the pointer118 of the bar 117 will reach the corresponding one on the scale 122,keeping the divider and the quotient always the same amount. The slide129 is moved upward to meet through the contact-plate 136 thecorrespondingly adjusted bar 111, locating the said pointers 131 and 118on their respective scales.

(1)) If it is required to extract the square root of a numbersay 5 710the aw 120 is accurately located 5 7/10 rightward on the scale 121(the graduations used being those which correspond to those on the scale302) and the blade 112 is clamped at that position. The operation isthen the same as that described in (a), the said pointers 131 and 118giving the square root on their respective scales 123 and 122.

The few of the multitudinous applications and operations of theinstrument which is the embodiment of my invention described above aresufficient to illustrate its use.

In the following claims I shall refer to the various scales and movingparts as being vertically and horizontally arranged for the sake ofconvenience, the parts being assumed [or this purpose to be located asshown in Figs. 1 and 6 when the drawings are in a vertical positionthatis, when the base-plate A is in a vertical plane. It is to beunderstood, however, that the directions mentioned are merely relativeand not intended to limit the location of the several parts to anyparticular plane or position.

With this understanding, what I claim, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is

1. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, aguide movable transversely to the bar, and a contact-piece movable onsaid guide in parallel planes intersecting the transversals formed bythe computing edge of the bar and limited in its movement by saidcomputing edge.

2. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a con1- puting edge, avertical laterallymovable guide, a horizontal laterally-movable guide,and a contact-piece movable on said guides and limited in its movementby the co1nputing edge of the bar.

3. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, avertical laterally-movable guide, a horizontal laterally-movable guide,an intersection-block movable with both of said guides and free to bemoved on each guide by the other guide, and a contact piece carried bysaid block and engaging the computing edge of the bar.

4. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, aslide for positioning the radial bar, a laterallyanovable guide, meansfor indicating the position of the bar and guide, and a contact-pieceguided by said guide to move in parallel planes intersecting thetransversals formed by the computing edge of the bar and limited in itsmovement by said computing edge.

5. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, aguide movable transversely to the bar, a micrometer device for adjustingthe bar, and a contact-piece guided by said guide to move in parallelplanes intersecting the transversals formed by the computing edge of thebar and limited in its movement by said computing edge.

6. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, aguide movable transversely to the bar, a micrometer device for adjustingsaid guide, and a contact-piece guided by said guide to move in parallelplanes intersecting the transversals formed by the computing edge of thebar and limited in its movement by said computing edge.

7. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, aguide movable transversely to the bar, a slide carrying said guide, agagejaw carried by said slide, a second gage-j aw, and a contactpieceguided by said guide to move in parallel planes intersecting thetransversals formed by the computing edge of the bar and limited in itsmovement by said computing edge.

8. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, amovable contact-piece the movement of which is limited by the computingedge of said bar, and means for indicating the position of saidcontact-piece with relation to two straight lines lying parallel withthe plane in which said bar swings and extending at right angles to eachother.

9. In a calculating mechanism, the com bination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, acontact-piece movable in parallel planes across which said bar swings,the movement of which contact-piece is limited by the computing edge ofsaid bar, an indieator moving with said contact-piece, and a scale overwhich said indicator moves. 10. In a calculating mechanism, thecombination of a radial bar arranged to swing about a fixed pivotalpoint and having a com puting edge, a movable contact-piece the movementof which is limited by the computing edge of said bar, alaterally-movable guide for guiding the movement of said contact-piecein straight lines across which the bar swings, a secondlaterally-movablev guide for guiding the movement of the contactpiece ina straight line at right angles to the first-mentioned guide, andindicators and scales for indicating the position of said bar andguides.

11. In a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point, a laterally-movable T- blade, aslide carrying said blade, a gage-j aw carried by said slide, a secondgage-j aw independently adjustable, and a contact-piece cooperating withsaid T-blade and radial bar, for the purpose set forth.

12. In a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed. pivotal point, a T-blade laterally movable, acontact-piece cooperating with said T-blade and radial bar, a gage-j awmovable laterally with the T-blade, a second gage-j aw adjustablyconnected to a fixed portion of the mechanism, and a fixed scalearranged to indicate the positions of said jaws, for the purpose setforth.

13. In a calculating mechanism, in combination, a radial bar arranged toswing about a fixed pivotal point, a laterally-movable T- blade, acontactpiece cooperating with said T-blade and radial bar, a gage-jawlaterally adjustable with the T-blade, a second gagejaw laterallyadjustable upon a fixed. portion of the mechanism, a micrometer devicefor adjusting said latter gage-jaw, and a scale for indicating thepositions of said aws, for the purpose set forth.

14. In a calculating mechanism, in combination, a radial bar arranged toswing about a fixed pivotal point, a vertically-arranged blade laterallymovable, a horizontally-arranged blade laterally movable, a contactpiece cooperating with said blades and said radial bar, and micrometeradjusting devices for said blades, for the purpose set forth.

.15. In a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed. pivotal point, a vertically-arranged bladelaterally movable, a horizontally-arranged blade laterally movable,fixedscales for indicating the positions of said blade and bar, andseparate micrometer adjusting devices for said bar and each of saidblades, for the purpose set forth.

16. In a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point, a T-blade, a contactpiececooperating with said T-blade and bar, a slide carrying the Tblade, agage-j aw car ried by the slide, a second. gage-j aw adjustable upon afixed base or support, and a micrometer device for adjusting said slide,said micrometer device comprising an eccentric ally-slotted pivotedplate provided with a series of scales, for the purpose set "forth.

17. In a calculating mechanism, in combination, a radial bar arranged toswing about a fixed pivotal point, a vertically-arranged T-bladelaterally movable, a horizontally-arranged T-blade laterally movable, anintersection-block in which both of said blades slide, and acontact-piece pivotally mounted in said block, and adapted to cooperatewith the radial bar, for the purpose set forth.

18. In a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having an operative edge whichis radial to said point, horizontal 1 straight line, and a contact-pieceengaging and vertical laterall ,*-movable T -blades, anintersection-block carried by said blades, and a contact-piece pivotallymounted in said block and having a straight edge passing through itspivotal center, said straight edge being adapted to cooperate with theoperative edge of the radial bar, for the purpose set forth.

19. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point, horizontal and verticallaterally-movable T-blades, a horizontal slide connected with the freeend of said radial bar, and gearing connecting the horizontal T-bladeand said horizontal slide, for the purpose set forth.

20. In a calculating mechanism, the com bination of a radial bararranged to swing about a fixed pivotal point, vertical and hori zontallaterally-movable blades, a contactpiece cooperating with said bar andblades, an adj usting-bar mounted on the radial bar and adapted toengage said contact-piece, and a micrometer device for saidadjustingbar, for the purpose set forth.

21. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point, the adjusting-bar mounted to slidethereon, the scale on said radial bit, the vertical and horizontal T-blades, the contact-piece carried by said blades, the index on saidcontact-piece, and the connecting-block whereby the adj ustingbarengages and moves said contact-piece, for the purpose set forth.

22. In a calculating mechanism, in combination, a radial bar arranged toswing about a fixed pivotal point, a vertical guide, a head sliding onsaid guide, a T-blade carried by said head and arranged to intersect theradial bar, an anchor-blocl carried by the guide, and aneccentrically-slotted plate connecting said head and anchor-block toprovide a micrometer adjustment for the T-blade, for the purpose setforth.

23. I11 a calculating mechanism, in combi nation, a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point, a guide parallel to the normalposition of said bar, a head sliding on said guide, a T-blade carried bythe head and arranged to intersect the radial bar, a scale and index toindicate the position of said head and T-blade, an anchor-block, meansfor holding the same in any desired adjust ment on said guide, an indexfor indicating on said scale the position of the anchor-block, and amicrometer adjustment between said anchor-block and T-blade.

24. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, meansfor indicating the position of the radial bar along a fixed thecomputing edge of the bar and movable in parallel planes at right anglesto said fixed line.

25. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a com puting edge, meansfor indicating the position of the radial bar along afixed straightline, and a contact-piece engaging the computing edge of the bar andmovable in parallel planes at right angles to said fixed line, and inplanes at right angles to said parallel planes.

26. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, meansfor indicating the position of the bar along a fixed straight line, amovable contact-piece the movement of which is limited by engagementwith the computing edge of said bar, and means for indicating theposition of said contact-piece along a straight line extending at rightangles to the first-mentioned straight line.

27. In a calculating mechanism, the com bination of a radial bararranged to swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computingedge, means for indicating the position of the bar along a fixedstraight line, a movable contact-piece the movement of which is limitedby engagement with thecomputing edge of said bar, and means forindicating the position of said contact-piece along straight linesextending at right angles to and parallel with the first mentionedstraight line.

28. In a calculating mechanism, the combination of a radial bar arrangedto swing about a fixed pivotal point and having a computing edge, meansfor indicating the position of the bar along a fixed straight line, amovable contact-piece the movement of which is limited by engagementwith the computing edge of said bar, and means for indicating theposition of said contact-piece along a straight line extending parallelwith the first-mentioned straight line.

29. The combination with the radial bar 111 having a computing edge, ofthe guide 112 movable transversely to the bar to establish parallels cutby the transversals formed by the computing edge of the bar, and contact-piece 136 movable on said parallels and limited in its movement bysaid computing edge, substantially as described.

30. The combination with the radial bar 111 having a computing edge, ofthe guide 112 movable transversely to the bar to establish parallels cutby the transvcrsals formed by the computing edge of the bar, andcontactpiece 136 movable on said parallels and limited in its movementby said computing edge, and guide 128 movable at right angles to guide112 and on which said contact-piece 136 moves at right angles to saidparallels, transversely to said computing edge and substantially asdescribed. with said guide along said edge, substantially 31. Thecombination with the radial bar as described. 111 having a computingedge, of the guide BENJ. M. DES JARDINS. 5 128 movable along said bar ina straight line, WVitnesses:

and contact-piece 136 engaging the comput- ISAAC A. ALLEN, Jr.,

ing edge of the bar and movable on said guide I EDWARD E. CLAUSSEN.

